Little Bits: Magic Item Charges

I was working on my magic item chapter and, as expected, pretty much copied over the traditional charges structure from ye olde D&D.  A lot of items have charges, and you spend one or sometimes two to make them work.  But after a session or two where my players received their first items with charges I remembered that those rules annoy me.  I find two issues with them:

1) They introduce per-item tracking.  Each item that has charges has to be tracked.

2) I like the general idea of magic being mysterious and unreliable.  However, a fixed number of charges works against this.  You can partially mitigate this as the GM by taking over all charge tracking yourself, which leaves the players never sure as to how many are left but still requires that they be tracked, with the burden shifted to the GM.  It also only adds an element of mystery for the players: the items themselves are still operating on fixed charge amounts.

So what I've done is gone with a roll-based system.  Whenever a charge is fired off from an item, the user rolls two dice.  On double 1s, the item fails to function because it's out of charges.

Which dice you use depends on your inclinations:

1) If you want something that varies in a way approaching canon charge amounts (per the DMG, staves have 20-25 charges, rods 41-50 charges, and wands 81-100 charges), roll 2D4 for staves (1 in 16 chance of failure), 2D6 for rods (1 in 36 chance), and 2D8 (1 in 64 chance) or 2D10 (1 in 100 chance) for wands (whichever you prefer).  For staves, this is a little less than canon, but not by a whole lot.

2) If you want something fast and simple, just use 2D6 for everything.  This boost staves a touch and shorts wands in particular, but I always felt that wands had too many charges.  I favour this approach.

For when an item requires the expenditure of two charges, you can just roll each time for each charge expended.  However, I like to treat this as more demanding on the item.  As such, for the use of two charges, I have the user make a single roll, but replace the two dice with one die that's a step higher.  So if you're using method 1, a staff rolls 1D6, a rod rolls 1D8, and a wand rolls 1D10 (for method two, everything just rolls 1D8).  On a 1, the item fails as normal.  If using three or more charges, re-roll the die once for each charge past the second (or add another die per charge used—same thing); any result of 1 exhausts the item as normal.

If you allow items to be recharged in your campaign, then it becomes a binary process: items either work or they don't, and instead of adding individual charges, recharging reactivates an exhausted item's ability.

I like these charge replacement rules because they remove bookkeeping, which is nice, but they also introduce a point of drama: everyone watches when a charge is fired off to see if that disastrous roll comes up.  It's also readily configurable to your own campaign, as you can see: just alter the dice rolled to get the particular odds you want, if the odds given above don't quite suit you.  And it adds a bit of that fickle, capricious status to magic items that I enjoy.

Tactical Encounter Variety

At the end of my last post I referenced the use of a table that added further structure to encounters.  I've long been fond of What are those wandering monsters up to?, from the late, lamented 1d8 blog, and do use it once in a while.  However, with random encounters being essentially entirely improvised encounters, generated then and there and often several times a session, I found it a bit taxing to constantly roll on that table and come up with a narrative on the spot to match the result.

As such, I went looking for something that generated the encounter variety I was looking for, but in a quicker, easier-to-use fashion.  Not really finding anything I liked, I considered how I was running encounters already.  In the dungeon I tended to follow the environment and setting: that is, the dungeon structure itself suggested the creature motivations and approaches.  In the wilderness things were hazier, as there's less structure to work off of: you're in a forest hex, and you roll up an encounter with forest monsters, and that's often all there is to it (e.g. the bandits are intelligent, but unless you've set up some sort of persistent society or structure for them in the hex, they're just an encounter; the T-Rex just doesn't care at all).

 

What's my motivation?

 

I realized that I had wound up varying them tactically.  Sometimes the party is forewarned, and gets a chance to make some decisions.  Sometimes they can outright ambush the enemy.  Sometimes the enemy returns the favour.  From there, I took the improvisations I had made and codified them.

I don't use the standard D&D surprise mechanics, as I wasn’t thrilled with their seemingly arbitrary nature: doesn’t initiative already measure getting the drop on someone?  Why are a quarter or third of all encounters, all other things being equal, complete shockers resulting in 10 seconds (or more) of pure inaction by at least one side (almost always the players, since carried light negates surprise for its carriers)?  It results in a high lethality, without much in the way of room for player skill to mitigate it.  As such, I've switched to making surprise only applicable during ambush-type situations, such as what could be generated here using these rules.  If you do use full old-school surprise, however, these rules can still be useful, in that an ambush not only means the standard surprise situation is achieved, but also lays down tactical parametres: as a proper ambush rather than just a bad surprise roll, the ambushing side will presumably be taking advantage of the terrain to their best effect: missle weapons at the ready, cover taken, ideal target(s) focused on, etc.

I've found the results to be a very simple way to help keep my encounters fresh.  Even just being able to say "a group of ogres break through the treeline ahead and are already almost on top of you" (a Stumbled-upon result) is a touch of variety that helps.  A Brief Warning result might be spotting those about to be encountered a few seconds before they spot you, or it might be "you hear a lot of noise in the brush directly ahead: something's coming your way fast".

It also feeds into the reaction roll, which I always make afterwards.  For example, if the enemy has managed to pull off an ambush, that's going to shape how I develop the reaction result I roll up immediately afterwards.  A hostile result will resolve as usual of course, but an unfriendly Ambushed result would probably lead to a shakedown attempt if the creatures are intelligent.

This is the table: 

Across the Editions — The Reaction Table

Not what I had in mind when I googled my post topic.

The Reaction Table is one of my favourite elements of old-school D&D.  The idea of not moving straight to combat with a random encounter, but assuming that the creatures have agency and so their own ideas of how things might go down is a wonderful idea that leads to vastly more varied gameplay.

The idea of how the Reaction Table should function has not been consistent across D&D editions; I'm going to take a look at the differences, with the hope of drawing some useful lessons for my own efforts.

 

OD&D 

Despite the above, monsters automatically attack unless they're both intelligent and confronted by an "obviously superior force".  As such, the table doesn't actually come into play all that often.  Otherwise, it's definitely the simplest reaction table, very easy to use, albeit with no advice as to how to adjudicate results.

Reaction Adjustment: None (Charisma has no effect on the roll, even if using the Greyhawk supplement).

 

AD&D 1st Edition 

 

 

 

AD&D moves to percentile, as is often the case with that work: Gygax seems to have preferred a greater granularity with most things by the time he put it together.  It's fairly straightforward, with the exception of the Uncertain results, which require subrolls to see if they are further inclined towards negative / positive (something I'm not fond of: I'd prefer to adjudicate everything with the single roll).  Surprisingly, for an otherwise generally verbose book, there is no further advice or conditionals laid on top, not even OD&D's brief note about the power of bribes, fear, and alignment.

 

Here encounters specifically only apply to intelligent creatures which can be conversed with.

 

Reaction Adjustment: -25% (Charisma 3); +35% (Charisma 18) 

An interesting side effect of the AD&D system is that Paladins, with their minimum Charisma of 17 (+30%), will literally never encounter immediately hostile intelligent creatures if the two can understand one another (and reaction is not predetermined), and have a 35-40% chance of enthusiastic greetings from such.  As such, the crusading, purging holy warrior also tends to leave a trail of magical friendship in his wake.  It also means that it's in the interest of a Paladin (or any other high-Charisma character) to speak as many languages as possible, as the ability only triggers with creatures that can be conversed with.  A high Int score (or some sort of Tongues item) is a godsend to such, rewarding what nominally might be considered dump stats on many characters.

 

AD&D 2nd Edition

 

2nd edition has a reputation for cleaning up some of 1st ed's wonkiness, but in my experience it tends to improve only the clarity of the text.  In terms of mechanical subsystems, it delights in baroque complication almost as much as 1st, and in some cases even more so.  Here we've switched to a 2D10 table (rather than percentile), with the players' base attitude being the primary factor.  Why there needed to be a Threatening vs a Hostile column I don't know, but if players want to be murderhobos (as 2nd ed tends to encourage, since combat became the primary XP source in 2nd unless the DM really embraced the vague story-based XP reward concept or used the now-optional gold for XP rules), then they have a base 36% chance of immediate hostility, the highest chance by far in any system featured here.

One of the most important things the table assumes is that hostility is the "good" result.  That is, hostility is the highest result in the chart, so that any positive chart modifiers lead the players towards it (well, mostly: see Reaction Adjustment below).  This is true even if the players want to be friendly: a friendly approach only reduces the range of possible hostile results.  Similarly, while I don't see the need for a Hostile column separate from a Threatening column, altering the latter so that flight is the highest result would at least make room for a charismatic intimidator.  As it is, there's little difference between the two except that if Threatening you still have a 3% chance of bullying someone into being your friend.

At the same time, the 2nd ed reactions are the most nebulous aside from OD&D.  Even hostile is coded only as "Irritable, hot-tempered, aggressive, or violent": that is to say, there are no behaviours mandated by the results, only attitudes.  However, these rules don't have the same restriction on communication and creature intelligence that the earlier systems do.  As such, it's easy to assume you roll reaction for wolves and the like just as much as you would bandits, although the DMG suggests that "The creatures should act in the manner the DM thinks is most appropriate to the situation" and that you should only use reaction when you don't "have a clue about what the monsters will do."  Considering combat is much more the norm in 2nd ed, I suspect that most campaigns went with DM inclination, that inclination being "attack".

Overall, I can see the value in having a player-directed reaction table, but not in four categories and having Charisma behave in such a monolithic, unintuitive fashion.

Reaction Adjustment: -5 (Charisma 3); +7 (Charisma 18).  It looks at first glance as though the chart tends towards hostility as the "positive" option, so that someone more charismatic is more likely to get into an immediate battle, even if they don't want to (i.e. their initial approach is Friendly).  This is because Reaction Adjustments from Charisma are written so that high Charisma provides a positive modifier, and low Charisma a negative.  However, the text in the PHB on p. 17 (the page before the Charisma chart), though written in natural language, makes it (largely) clear that in this one case the modifiers should be reversed.  In other words, the -5 from having Charisma 3 (for example) would be applied in this case as a positive modifier to the roll (making a hostile result more likely), and a bonus applied as a negative (making a friendly result more likely).  However, other modifier types, such as the morale based ones, are applied in the opposite (standard) fashion (i.e. high = adds, low = subtracts).  It's a baffling implementation, only clarified in the Complete Wizard's Handbook, of all places: errata never tackled this.  (Thanks to commentators below for highlighting this so that I could edit this portion).

Holmes / Moldvay Basic

Clean, simple, and straightforward, this system originated in Holmes.  The use of 2D6 effectively creates a curve leading towards the confused monster result (44.42% of the time), which suggests that most monsters of the world are baffled by the existence of adventurers and means that most of the time the initiative lies with the players.  (The image is from Moldvay; Holmes notes the 6-8 result as "Uncertain, make another offer, roll again").

Holmes and Moldvay, like 2nd ed, don't place the restrictions of OD&D and 1st ed about only applying to certain subtypes of monsters and situations (beyond specific monsters such as zombies).  The entirety of the relevant section is given above: there's no further advice.  Unlike 2nd, however, the reaction roll is given as an equal option to predetermined reactions, not a fallback.

Reaction Adjustment: None in Holmes.  -2 (Charisma 3); +2 (Charisma 18) in Moldvay.  All you need is a Charisma of 13 to avoid all possible immediate attack results (though admittedly these only occur 1 in 36 times anyways).  A Charisma of 18 gets you a 1 in 6 chance of enthusiastic friendship for every encounter.

Mentzer Basic (Red Box)

People are fond of saying that Mentzer and Moldvay are the same, the only difference being formatting, but this is not the case: reaction is one area where they notably differ, as seen above.

I dislike this system as it falls back to a 1st edition sin that Holmes/Moldvay dodged: the reaction re-roll.  It actually triples down on this: rolling a 3-5, for instance, gets a possible attack, but you need to roll again, and if you roll 9-12, you have to roll yet again.  Your possible attack could thus turn into friendship.  I again see the value in varied results, but not via such a clumsy implementation; I'd prefer a reworked version of 2nd edition's master table if I was going for that.  It does have the advantage of giving more guidelines than Holmes/Moldvay, however, including a little advice on negotiations.

Reaction Adjustment: -2 (Charisma 3); +2 (Charisma 18).  The notes given for Holmes/Moldvay in this section apply here as well.  However, unlike Holmes/Moldvay, Charisma adjustments only apply if the players can talk to the monster.  There is also a specific allowance made for character reactions, with the same -2 / +2 range of possible reaction adjustments suggested for this, which is cumulative with any Charisma modifier.  It's not clear if you apply your modifier(s) to every subroll, or just the first roll in the series.

 

Rules Cyclopedia / The Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game

1991's New Easy to Master Dungeons & Dragons Game (TSR 1070) and 1994's The Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game (TSR 1106), the final gasps of old-school D&D base rules implementation, each use the same table.  By changing the instant attack result from 2 to 2-3, immediate hostility moves from about 2.5% of the time to about 8%.  Adding 1 at the start bumps everything else up by 1, which due to the nature of the 2D6 curve makes possible attack/monster growls more likely and uncertain/cautious less likely even if the number of results stays the same, until we get to the "possibly friendly" result, which is now only 10-11 instead of Mentzer's 9-11.  Overall, this table version walks back from the nested subcomplexities of Mentzer, but still relies on re-rolls.  The nature of the 2D6 scale means that a 4-point modifier is huge, making it very likely for you to achieve the result it's pushing you towards.  Still, it is possible you could wind up rolling several times.  Both books state to not roll more than three times, however.  "If the PCs don't do something to get a reaction (talk to it, or attack it, or put it to sleep—something) by the third roll, the monster attacks if the roll was 9 or less (remember to take into account the monster's alignment).  It just leaves if the result was between 10 and 12."

"Monsters" here are specifically defined as anything that isn't an NPC / doesn't have a character class.  As such, the reaction roll is very clearly applicable for most anything in the game.

1991's Rules Cyclopedia also uses the above table, only changing the wording on the first part of result 10-11 to "monster is neutral".  Like Mentzer, it also suggests a -2 / +2 allowance for character reactions, which its more introductory 90s brethren skip.  It oddly decides to be less granular than the intro products, however, if three rolls occur: "If by the third roll the monster hasn't achieved a roll of 10 or better, it will decide to attack or leave."  Interestingly, it is the only ruleset that uses subrolls to rule on when Charisma adjustments apply: they are only used for rolls after the first.  As such, if you get an initial hostile result, no amount of Charisma will save you.  Essentially, the initial reaction is as-is, but if the room for negotiation is there, charm (or the lack thereof) can come to the fore.  I like this a lot, although by being able to stack Charisma adjustments and player behaviour adjustments to these later rolls, it's pretty easy to swing the 2D6 scale in your favour.

Reaction Adjustment: -3 (Charisma 3); +3 (Charisma 18).  Unless using the Cyclopedia, with an 18 Charisma one can avoid any "monster attacks" results, and it's not clear if you apply your modifier to every subroll, or just the first roll in the series.  Also unless using the Cyclopedia, a Charisma of 18 gets you a better than 1 in 4 chance of a friendly result with every encounter.

 

What I Use 

Click for PDF

I wanted results that reflected monster alignment, clear statements of intent about what each reaction means, no nested rolls, and some decent guidelines as to when to use the rolls and how to modify them.  As such, I've gone with a basic 2D6 scale, matching Holmes and Moldvay (and thus maintaining compatibility with products designed for such).  Sometimes I've gone with major changes when implementing a common subsystem, but I really felt in this case that if it isn't broken, why fix it?  The only mechanical change I introduced is a roll penalty for dealing with Evil creatures and an accompanying hostility re-roll when generally dealing with Good ones.

My main "alterations" have been in presenting firm guidelines as to how the system is meant to work: not just when to use it, but what specifically happens when you do.  Holmes and Moldvay were very weak here, lacking the solid advice of Mentzer or even the 1990s efforts.  I wanted a GM to be able to readily able to apply this at the table.

I don't use Charisma modifiers, so the table results stand as they are, which is also a key structural change.  This was because I wanted to completely leave social interactions to roleplaying and random rolls, without even a stat influencing them.  I have nothing specific against Charisma: this was just something I wanted to do here.

There is a note about an "Ambushed" result in the text.  That is because I introduced a basic encounter structure table, specifically for outdoor encounters, meant to adjudicate the general tactical situation so as to provide some encounter variety.  It's possible that the encounter begins with the monsters springing an ambush on the party, and so I wanted to make sure that such a situation was covered.  I'll examine that in a future update.

I must admit to being tempted by the prospect of a cleaned up and more rational 2nd ed approach, and having written this up I am again, but for now I'm sticking with the Holmes/Moldvay interpretation.  I may come back to this, however.

OSR Introductory Adventures — A List

Updated October 2022.

 

One of the most common questions on 4chan's /osrg thread (rampant shitposting aside still a good place for OSR discussion) is "what are some intro adventures I can run for my OSR game of choice".  As it kept coming up, I decided to create a list that attempted to tackle just that.  It's been iterated a few times and now I figure I'd list it here rather than limiting it to an obscure PDF.

 

These are adventures adhering to some sort of old-school mindset that were intended to be faced by 1st-level characters, included because I either think that they’re good (in whole or in part) or because they’re commonly recommended.  Bear in mind that ideas of what constitutes an appropriate low-level challenge varies.  Also bear in mind that the assumed party size varies, so that some of these adventures were only intended to be tackled at 1st level if the party was quite large and/or supplemented with 2nd-level characters (e.g. B2 was intended for 6-9 players; B4 for 6-10 players).

As an aside, it's this assumption of huge parties that I think is partially responsible for old-school games' reputation for lethality, since it's quite rare to see regular player groups of that size any longer.  I can see a lot of otherwise cautious, well-prepared players running into serious trouble when revisiting older modules simply because they don't have the small army the older TSR modules in particular assumed you had.  It's this that caused me to set Simulacrum's assumed player group at a more modern 4-5 players in size but to raise the average PC power level a bit: so that I could run B4 and the like with a group size I'm comfortable with and yet be confident that the players still had a decent chance at getting out alive.

No download links are provided (since most of these are for sale) but, with the exception of one module detailed below, purchase or download links for all of these should be readily searchable.  If you have any you think should be added to the list (bearing in mind that I want 2nd ed and back or OSR adventures, and for 0 or 1st level only), please let me know.

The Classics

B1 In Search of the Unknown

Basic D&D.  Introductory scenario with DM advice, intended to teach how to not just run but create dungeons.  It does this by leaving lots of blank spaces for you to work your magic, but for that reason it’s only as good as you are, and if you’re just starting, that’s probably not so good.  Also hard to map if you’re teaching that (though see here for an easier-to-use version of the upper level map, and here for an alternate full dungeon layout).  For creatives only.

B2 The Keep on the Borderlands

Basic D&D.  A small keep to explore, and a nearby cave system full of beasties, with short play and rules advice for those new to the game.  Very straightforward.  Easier to use out of the gate than B1, but pretty basic.  It can be argued that if you’re just starting D&D then you want basic, because you’re trying to learn a lot at once.  Still, some encountering this as their first D&D experience might be bored unless the DM is good at setting up faction play and creature interactions.

Pacesetter has put out two add-ons to this module that expand the original content: B2 Beyond the Caves of Chaos and B2.5 Blizzard on the Borderland.  I can’t speak to their quality.

B4 The Lost City

Basic D&D.  Sort of a Conanesque "Red Nails" B2 with a more interesting background and environment, including strong faction play.  Though lacking advice for those new to D&D, IMO this is the superior of the first four intro Basic modules.  See here for further material.

 

N1 Against the Cult of the Reptile God

AD&D 1st ed.  Technically level 1, but tough at that level.  Great mystery surrounding cultists, and a bit of a Body-Snatchers feel.  Town, wilderness, and dungeon components give some good variety.  Needing an NPC to save the day at the end lets it down somewhat, however.

Pacesetter released a N0.5 add-on (Twisting Trail of the Reptile God) that expands the wilderness portion.

U1 The Sinister Secret of Saltmarsh

AD&D 1st ed.  Scooby Doo: AD&D edition, dealing with an apparently haunted house.  Progress is contingent on the party finding a secret door, however, so this could wind up being just a boring exploration of a relatively empty house.  Intended to lead into two sequels, but they’re not as good.

 

Caverns of Thracia

AD&D 1st ed (Judges Guild).  Technically level 1, but perhaps more than any other adventure here quite tough at that level.  The Greek-themed module that made “Jaquaying the dungeon” a thing and helped make Judges Guild a beloved name.  A faction-heavy, very open dungeon that’s a good way to see non-linear mapping and exploration in action.  Somewhat rough in terms of keying / room descriptions, though, so it requires more work than usual for a DM to prep.  Republished in its original form by Goodman Games a few years back (the reprint, pictured here, removes the "Official Dungeon Approved for Dungeons & Dragons" bit on the front cover and adds a GG logo bottom-right).

 

The Illhiedrin Book

AD&D 1st ed (Judges Guild).  The now-standard fetch quest on behalf of a powerful spellcaster with better things to do (the sexy sorceress on the cover), but with some complicating NPCs, the chance for some interesting magical gear right at the start, and a town and a couple of mini crawls.  Too much time spent on the sorceress’ tower (though this is stealable content).  Nowhere near as interesting as Caverns, but much quicker, simpler, and less lethal.

  Misc OSR Stuff

 

Blood Moon Rising

Labyrinth Lord.  A small village in the middle of a festival.  Colourful timed events, and during it all monsters attack.  Avoids being a railroad, unlike many things with timed events, which is a helpful lesson.  Good NPCs.

 

Blood of the Dragon (UK-S01)

Crypts & Things 1st edition.  You’ve got a bandit village, and battle apes, and an area dripping with sword & sorcery vibes.  Unfortunately removed from official circulation for some reason, but hopefully it returns soon.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Curse of Cragbridge

Swords & Wizardry.  A haunted tower, which does a nice job of breaking free from your typical generic D&D monster stuff you so often see at this level.  Also gives a major threat that far outclasses a starter party, for the group to work towards / desperately avoid.

 

 

 

 

Gatehouse on Cormac's Crag

S&W Whitebox.  Seven levels and 134 keyed areas in 37 pages gets you a minimalist but eminently playable starter dungeon with plenty of legs.  If I was going to do the classic “humanoids in caves” style of starter, this is what I’d pick.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Hole in the Oak

Old-School Essentials (B/X).  A solid, colourful dungeon beneath a tree, along with decent factions.  At the same time, it can be rough at Level 1 despite being labelled as for such, as some of the encounters are pretty brutal (though there is resurrection magic within).  Good for teaching caution.

 

The Incandescent Grottoes

Old-School Essentials (B/X).  Ignore the overly cutesy cover art: you get a fun underground complex with some good faction work, designed to be directly added onto the also great The Hole in the Oak for a hefty-sized intro crawl. Good emphasis on usability/layout.

Prison of the Hated Pretender

Vaguely Basic / 1st ed.  Short.  A giant statue head with an undead dude inside that’s been imprisoned for his crimes so long ago that no one remembers what they are.  Great atmosphere.  Free in its original version, but recently cleaned up and re-released in a PWYW version.

 

 

Purple Worm Graveyard

Labyrinth Lord (with some custom bits that are kind of fluffy and Dungeon World but oh well).  A short, small dungeon where purple worms go to die.  Stay as long as you dare and harvest the plentiful worm ivory, but the longer you stick around, the more you risk getting to play with a 15HD monster.  The map is unscaled, which is annoying, but the module really nails the risk vs. reward issue.

Redtooth Ridge

OSRIC (AD&D 1st ed).  Advanced Adventures #28.  A wilderness module, where the party examines some abandoned buildings atop a ridge.  Solid meat-and-potatoes site exploration.

The Sanctuary Ruin

Labyrinth Lord.  A basic goblin lair, but a very well done basic goblin lair.







  

Tomb of the Dragon’s Heart

Labyrinth Lord.  Short (aims for 4 hours) single-level dungeon with some solid faction bits and a good mythic vibe.





 

Tomb of the Iron God

Swords & Wizardry.  Designed specifically to be an intro module, with an appendix at the back giving some helpful lessons.  Interesting setting, sort of let down by the second level (too much undead and other non-negotiable stuff for me to like it, though the room of 50 skeletons teaches useful lessons); mentioned here more because it’s often recommended.  Still, it’s workable, and the specific design element raises it up.  Revised edition available that removes the advice, changes the layout to an extremely annoying comic book style, and tweaks the encounters (bye-bye 50 skeletons).

 

Tomb of the Serpent Kings

Largely systemless.  Designed specifically to teach old-school dungeon crawls. Most rooms have a “lesson” call-out to let you know why it was added—what lesson it’s conveying to the DM and the players.  Divisive, in that some feel it’s overly linear and basic while others think it’s just right; lots of success and frustration both reported with this one.  Latest is version 4.0.  Free.

Tower of the Stargazer

Lamentations of the Flame Princess (LotFP).  Storming a wizard’s apparently abandoned tower.  Another module with advice designed to introduce old-school play, this one is heralded in some quarters for properly informing players as to the dangers of old-school play.  While it definitely can be fun, in terms of being an introductory module IMO it teaches bad habits by not having time pressure (no wandering monsters) and being too aggressive in penalizing players for actually exploring.  Quicker to just listen to Rainbow while considering the advice and making save or die checks.

The Withered Crag

AD&D 1st ed.  A dungeon in an ancient, mist-shrouded crater, with differing day and nighttime play.

 

Magazine Material

Barnacus: City in Peril

Dragon #80.  A bandit hunt, complicated by the fact that the bandits have spies within the city that have to be ferreted out.  The main feature here is the reasonably detailed settlement provided that the adventure is set against.

Borshak's Lair

Dungeoneer #3.  Another Jaquays gem, in the rough.  Basically the gold standard of starter goblinoid dens in terms of layout and encounter design, though suffering from the usual Judges Guild layout issues and with way, way too much treasure.  There is a reformat floating around out there that makes it more readable.

Citadel by the Sea

Dragon #78.  Orcs and party square off in a search for a legendary orcish spear in a ruined citadel.  A seemingly cursed village and a hidden opponent add some further depth to this one.

The Darkness Beneath, Level 1: The Upper Caves

Fight On! #2.  Honestly never played it, but a few years back Bryce at tenfootpole voted it the best OSR adventure he’s ever seen, and considering how many adventures he's reviewed, that should mean something.

The Lichway

White Dwarf #9.  Short crypt adventure with a great gimmick later seen in LotFP’s Death Frost Doom.

Dungeon Crawl Classics Stuff

Requires more conversion work than other OSR stuff, as DCC is based on 3.5 and then adds its own mutations on top, though as these are all modules for 0-level and 1st-level characters they’re (comparatively) simple.  The main note is that DCC doesn’t use gold for XP, and so treasure levels may not be appropriate.  The ruleset also skimps on resource management and timekeeping.  For these reasons I recommend these for more advanced DMs only (unless you’re playing DCC itself, of course).

 

Doom of the Savage Kings

“The footprints of a gigantic hound…”.  Strong Beowulf vibes in a sandboxy setting.  Decent mix of horror and NPC interaction, with a mini-crawl at the end to tie it all together.

In the Wake of the Zorkul

0-level funnel.  Literally starts in a tavern, but gets much better from there as you’re dropped without warning into underground nastiness.  Good resource management, unlike your standard DCC module.  Free.

The One Who Watches from Below

Impossible threats, impossible treasure, lots of eyeballs.  Great module for emphasizing player skill over level-appropriate encounters, and a similar risk vs. reward bit to Purple Worm Graveyard. Get the 2nd printing if you can (8 extra pages).

People of the Pit

Cultists are a great enemy, and when backed by a Cthulhu-like patron (and I really mean this: not some stupid large but killable squid monster, but something unspeakably huge and powerful), they can be really scary.  Nonstop unreasoning cultists makes it a bit of a combat grind, though. Another good one for teaching players that PC death isn’t unusual.

Sailors on the Starless Seas

0-level funnel.  Linear and quite small, but dramatic and evocative.  Good for being at once basic and memorable.

Tower of the Black Pearl

Short.  Linear and with basic opponents, but the setting (a sunken tower that rises from the ocean once a decade for only eight hours) is great: a good way to teach time management and actually considering environmental dangers (assuming you use a ruleset that actually supports timekeeping; I’d also chop the hours available in half).

Well of the Worm

Short.  A mini-dungeon full of creepy human-faced giant maggots.

 

 

 

 

 

Special Feature: Starting Bases

While overall this is intended to highlight only 1st-level modules, people often request good starting material for campaigns.  The typical good campaign starter has a home base and a series of outlying mini-dungeons or general areas of adventure to play around in.  However, they’re also often intended for at least 2nd-level characters, so I’ve added this little addendum.  Between everything listed below you should have no problem cobbling together a memorable “point of light” style home base surrounded by danger. 

 

As an aside, B2 Keep on the Borderlands would also fit in this section.

 

The Blackapple Brugh
BFRPG, levels 1-3.  In your small starter village an evil elf king is replacing children with wicked doppelgangers.  Nearby there’s a forest and an underground elf mound to explore.  Good faerie feel.  P.S. Hexmap is at scale of 1 mile per hex.
 

 

The Black Wyrm of Brandonsford
B/X, levels 1-2.  Similar to The Ruined Hamlet, below, you get a base town with some things to do and some fun bits to explore nearby.  At the heart of things is a dragon, but it’s all a sandbox and so players have plenty of freedom to do as they will.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Evils of Illmire
Old-School Essentials (B/X), levels 1-2.  A great hexcrawl surrounding a town, with absolutely tons of stuff to do crammed into its 74 digest-sized content pages.  Great stuff.  Make sure you’ve downloaded the latest version, as v4 (the current) has significant improvements.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Ruined Hamlet / Terror in the Gloaming
Basic.  A good introduction to sandbox play in that it offers a home base to start with points of interest there, and then several interesting areas to explore nearby.  Lots of playtime in these 58 pages.  For some bizarre reason they hide the module's cover art (even if you get it in PDF you don't get the cover), but if you buy a print copy of the module they actually give you a cover.

 

L1 The Secret of Bone Hill
AD&D 1st ed, levels 2-4.  A genuine TSR sandbox module, this one gives you a town and nearby Bone Hill, an aboveground castle with underground works below it, alongside the usual wilderness encounters.  Unwieldy in terms of organization, not a lot of wealth, but a decent haul in magic.  Perhaps the beginning of the trend for towns in modules to be populated with NPCs strong enough to quite easily handle whatever they’re sending you out to do.  Useful, but not stellar.  Its town of Restenford is sometimes suggested as a good candidate for the undescribed town base of U1 The Sinister Secret of Saltmarsh.

 

T1 The Village of Hommlet
AD&D 1st ed, level 1 (supposedly).  A thoroughly detailed starting base (the village) and a nearby dungeon.  Though a Gygax work, I find this one a lesser light.  The village is overdetailed to the point of tedium (the polar opposite of most of the Keep in B2), while the challenges are incredibly lethal for the 1st-level PCs this module is allegedly intended for.  As a whole I’d give this a pass (though this is by no means a universal opinion; if you favour heavy detail or prefer naturalism, this will likely climb in your estimation).  Definitely contains plunderable bits, especially for slightly higher-level PCs.

 

 

White Dragon Run
OSRIC (AD&D 1st ed), levels 2-4.  Advanced Adventures #13.  A village at the heart of a wilderness sandbox.  Lots of random wilderness encounter tables, but also two small dungeon complexes.  Quite basic, but entirely usable.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

White Dragon Run II
OSRIC (AD&D 1st ed), levels 2-5.  Advanced Adventures #38.  A repeat of the village and wilderness sandbox in the first volume (for some reason), followed by four new mini locations to add to the area.